Erbil first appeared in literary sources around 2300 BC, according to Giovanni Pettinato. It is mentioned in two tablets under the name (Arbellum). Erbil is considered one of the oldest cities in the world in which human settlement continued, and the settlement of the Erbil Castle plateaus dates back to five thousand years BC. It was controlled by several empires, such as the Gothic, Assyrian, Parthian, Seleucid, and Sassanian.
Arbil Castle
Its history dates back to the Assyrian era. It was built for defensive purposes, as it was considered an impregnable fortress for the city of Erbil in that time period. The history of its existence goes back more than six thousand years from now. Erbil Citadel is an ancient castle and fortress located on top of a hill and the center of the city of Erbil in Iraq.
The castle has been included on the World Heritage List since June 21, 2014. The height of the castle is 431 meters above sea level, and it is about 32 meters higher than its surroundings.
The castle was the center of the city and the focus of its growth for several centuries. One of the most important archaeological finds found after the excavation process was a large group of beautifully decorated pottery pipes, which continued to be used in the first decades of the twentieth century.
